Distance measures With ultrasonic sensor, ssd1306 and Raspberry pi pico

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor With Raspberry Pi Pico Tutorial

Table of Contents

In this tutorial, I will show you how to interface Ultrasonic Distance Sensor With Raspberry Pi Pico. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is an excellent addition to any Raspberry Pi Pico-based project. This sensor can be used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object and can be used in projects such as detecting when someone is close to the sensor or measuring the height of an object.

Components

Raspberry Pi Pico
USB cable
HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
OLED DISPLAY
jumper wires

What is Ultrasonic Sensor?

An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses sound waves to measure distance. It works by sending out a sound wave and then measuring how long it takes for the wave to bounce back. The sensor can then use this information to calculate the distance to the object. Ultrasonic sensors are used in a variety of applications, including automotive safety systems, security systems, and industrial automation.

What is Raspberry Pi Pico ?

The Raspberry Pi Pico is a microcontroller board based on the RP2040 chip developed by Raspberry Pi. It was announced in January 2021. The Pico is similar to other microcontroller boards, such as the Arduino, but it has a unique feature: it can be programmed using the Python programming language. This makes it a great board for beginners who want to learn to program in Python.

The Pico is a great board for projects that need a small, inexpensive microcontroller. It is also a great board for learning to program in Python.

Schematic diagram – Ultrasonic Distance Sensor With Raspberry Pi Pico

The most common way is to use the Raspberrypi pico board and an ultrasonic sensor module. The module has three pins: VCC, GND, and Echo.

The SSD1306 Oled display module connections with Raspberry Pi Pico SCL and SDA pins of the SSD1306 Oled Display module are connected with GP17 and GP16 pins of the Pico Board.

The VCC pin is connected with the VBus which is Pin40 of the Raspberry Pi Pico.
The trigger pin is connected with GP3.
The echo pin is connected with GP2
The GND pin of the ultrasonic sensor is connected with the GND pin of the Raspberry Pi Pico board.

Programming – Ultrasonic Distance Sensor With Raspberry Pi Pico

# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const
import framebuf


# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_IREF_SELECT = const(0xAD)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
        super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP,  # display off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR,
            0x00,  # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE,  # start at line 0
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01,  # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO,
            self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08,  # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET,
            0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
            0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
            0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE,
            0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL,
            0x30,  # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST,
            0xFF,  # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON,  # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV,  # not inverted
            SET_IREF_SELECT,
            0x30,  # enable internal IREF during display on
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
            0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01,  # display on
        ):  # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP)

    def poweron(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)

    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def rotate(self, rotate):
        self.write_cmd(SET_COM_OUT_DIR | ((rotate & 1) << 3))
        self.write_cmd(SET_SEG_REMAP | (rotate & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width != 128:
            # narrow displays use centred columns
            col_offset = (128 - self.width) // 2
            x0 += col_offset
            x1 += col_offset
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_data(self.buffer)


class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        self.write_list = [b"\x40", None]  # Co=0, D/C#=1
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80  # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.write_list[1] = buf
        self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        import time

        self.res(1)
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res(0)
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res(1)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(0)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs(1)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(1)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(buf)
        self.cs(1)

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# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const

import framebuf

# register definitions

SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)

SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)

SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)

SET_DISP = const(0xAE)

SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)

SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)

SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)

SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)

SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)

SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)

SET_IREF_SELECT = const(0xAD)

SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)

SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)

SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)

SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)

SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)

SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)

SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives

# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html

class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):

def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):

self.width = width

self.height = height

self.external_vcc = external_vcc

self.pages = self.height // 8

self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)

super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)

self.init_display()

def init_display(self):

for cmd in (

SET_DISP, # display off

# address setting

SET_MEM_ADDR,

0x00, # horizontal

# resolution and layout

SET_DISP_START_LINE, # start at line 0

SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0

SET_MUX_RATIO,

self.height - 1,

SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0

SET_DISP_OFFSET,

0x00,

SET_COM_PIN_CFG,

0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,

# timing and driving scheme

SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,

0x80,

SET_PRECHARGE,

0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,

SET_VCOM_DESEL,

0x30, # 0.83*Vcc

# display

SET_CONTRAST,

0xFF, # maximum

SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents

SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted

SET_IREF_SELECT,

0x30, # enable internal IREF during display on

# charge pump

SET_CHARGE_PUMP,

0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,

SET_DISP | 0x01, # display on

): # on

self.write_cmd(cmd)

self.fill(0)

self.show()

def poweroff(self):

self.write_cmd(SET_DISP)

def poweron(self):

self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

def contrast(self, contrast):

self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)

self.write_cmd(contrast)

def invert(self, invert):

self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

def rotate(self, rotate):

self.write_cmd(SET_COM_OUT_DIR | ((rotate & 1) << 3))

self.write_cmd(SET_SEG_REMAP | (rotate & 1))

def show(self):

x0 = 0

x1 = self.width - 1

if self.width != 128:

# narrow displays use centred columns

col_offset = (128 - self.width) // 2

x0 += col_offset

x1 += col_offset

self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)

self.write_cmd(x0)

self.write_cmd(x1)

self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)

self.write_cmd(0)

self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)

self.write_data(self.buffer)

class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):

def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):

self.i2c = i2c

self.addr = addr

self.temp = bytearray(2)

self.write_list = [b"\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1

super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

def write_cmd(self, cmd):

self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0

self.temp[1] = cmd

self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

def write_data(self, buf):

self.write_list[1] = buf

self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)

class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):

def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):

self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024

dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)

res.init(res.OUT, value=0)

cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)

self.spi = spi

self.dc = dc

self.res = res

self.cs = cs

import time

self.res(1)

time.sleep_ms(1)

self.res(0)

time.sleep_ms(10)

self.res(1)

super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

def write_cmd(self, cmd):

self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)

self.cs(1)

self.dc(0)

self.cs(0)

self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))

self.cs(1)

def write_data(self, buf):

self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)

self.cs(1)

self.dc(1)

self.cs(0)

self.spi.write(buf)

self.cs(1)

from machine import Pin, I2C
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C
import utime

WIDTH = 128
HEIGHT = 64

i2c = I2C(0, scl = Pin(17), sda = Pin(16), freq=400000)
display = SSD1306_I2C(WIDTH, HEIGHT, i2c)


trigger = Pin(3, Pin.OUT)
echo = Pin(2, Pin.IN)


def ultra():
   trigger.low()
   utime.sleep_us(2)
   trigger.high()
   utime.sleep_us(5)
   trigger.low()
   while echo.value() == 0:
       signaloff = utime.ticks_us()
   while echo.value() == 1:
       signalon = utime.ticks_us()
       
   timepassed = signalon - signaloff
   distance = (timepassed * 0.0343) / 2
   distance = "{:.1f}".format(distance)
   
   print(distance + " cm")
   
   return str(distance)



print("fok")
ngf = ultra()
print(ngf)
while True:
    display.text(ultra(),0,0)
    display.show()
    display.fill(0)
    utime.sleep(1)