RFID Door Lock With Raspberry Pi Pico Using Micropython
RFID Door Lock Using Raspberry Pi Pico
Table of Contents
In this project, we will be building an RFID door lock With Raspberry Pi Pico and micropython. We will be using an MFRC522 RFID controller board and an RFID tag. The MFRC522 is connected to the Pico via SPI and the RFID tag is read using the RC522 built-in RFID reader. The RFID tag will be used to unlock the door. The door will be locked using a solenoid valve.
The door lock will work by reading the special identifier of an RFID tag and comparing it to a list of authorized tags. If the tag is approved, the door will unlock. If the tag is not permitted, the door will stay locked.
Required Material
You will need a few things to get started:
- Raspberry Pi Pico
- RFID reader -RFID tags
- Breadboard
- Jumper wires
- Relay Module
- Solenoid valve
With these components, you can build a door lock that uses RFID tags to unlock.
What is Raspberry Pi Pico?
Raspberry Pi Pico is a low-cost, high-performance microcontroller board with flexible digital interfaces. Its features include a powerful Arm Cortex-M0+ processor and support for Arduino and MicroPython programming. It is designed for use in a wide range of applications, from simple electronic projects to complex IoT devices.
In point you are using a Raspberry Pi Pico for the first time, I would absolutely suggest you read my “Getting started tutorial on Raspberry Pi Pico”. In this article, I have explained and tried to clear light on basically everything in the article that a beginner must be trained with it.
RC522 RFID Module
The RC522 RFID Module is a low-cost module that is used for short-range radio communication. The module can be used for any type of application, including security and identification. The module is compatible with a wide range of devices, including Arduino, Raspberry Pi Pico, and other microcontrollers. Check more detail MFRC522 RFID Module With Raspberry Pi Pico Using MicroPython
RC522 RFID Module Pinout
Raspberry pi pico Pinout
Raspberry Pi Pico is a new microcontroller from Raspberry Pi. It is a low-cost, high-performance microcontroller board with a flexible digital interface. The board is designed for use in a wide variety of applications, including IoT, robotics, and machine learning.
Schematic Diagram – RFID Door Lock With Raspberry Pi Pico
The SDA, SCK, MOSI, MISO, and RST pins of the MFRC522 RFID reader module are connected with the Raspberry Pi Pico GPIO pins 5, 6, 7, 4, and 3 respectively.
- A one-channel relay module is controlled using the GP28 pin on the Raspberry Pi Pico.
- The 5V buzzer is controlled using the GP27 pin on the Raspberry Pi Pico
Fortunately, even though the RFID module is powered through 3.3V, the rest of the pins are 5V tolerant.
| RC522 RFID Module | Arduino UNO |
| VCC | 3.3V |
| RST | GP3 |
| GND | GND |
| IRQ | —- |
| MISO | GP4 |
| MOSI | GP7 |
| SCK | GP6 |
| SS | GP5 |
Programming & Libraries
The code requires MFRC522 Library.
Open your Thonny IDE and paste the following code into the editor window. Save this file to Raspberry Pi Pico with the name mfrc522.py
Mfrc522.py
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# credit: https://github.com/danjperron/micropython-mfrc522 from machine import Pin, SPI from os import uname class MFRC522: DEBUG = False OK = 0 NOTAGERR = 1 ERR = 2 REQIDL = 0x26 REQALL = 0x52 AUTHENT1A = 0x60 AUTHENT1B = 0x61 PICC_ANTICOLL1 = 0x93 PICC_ANTICOLL2 = 0x95 PICC_ANTICOLL3 = 0x97 def __init__(self, sck, mosi, miso, rst, cs,baudrate=1000000,spi_id=0): self.sck = Pin(sck, Pin.OUT) self.mosi = Pin(mosi, Pin.OUT) self.miso = Pin(miso) self.rst = Pin(rst, Pin.OUT) self.cs = Pin(cs, Pin.OUT) self.rst.value(0) self.cs.value(1) board = uname()[0] if board == 'WiPy' or board == 'LoPy' or board == 'FiPy': self.spi = SPI(0) self.spi.init(SPI.MASTER, baudrate=1000000, pins=(self.sck, self.mosi, self.miso)) elif (board == 'esp8266') or (board == 'esp32'): self.spi = SPI(baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=self.sck, mosi=self.mosi, miso=self.miso) self.spi.init() elif board == 'rp2': self.spi = SPI(spi_id,baudrate=baudrate,sck=self.sck, mosi= self.mosi, miso= self.miso) else: raise RuntimeError("Unsupported platform") self.rst.value(1) self.init() def _wreg(self, reg, val): self.cs.value(0) self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & ((reg << 1) & 0x7e))) self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & val)) self.cs.value(1) def _rreg(self, reg): self.cs.value(0) self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & (((reg << 1) & 0x7e) | 0x80))) val = self.spi.read(1) self.cs.value(1) return val[0] def _sflags(self, reg, mask): self._wreg(reg, self._rreg(reg) | mask) def _cflags(self, reg, mask): self._wreg(reg, self._rreg(reg) & (~mask)) def _tocard(self, cmd, send): recv = [] bits = irq_en = wait_irq = n = 0 stat = self.ERR if cmd == 0x0E: irq_en = 0x12 wait_irq = 0x10 elif cmd == 0x0C: irq_en = 0x77 wait_irq = 0x30 self._wreg(0x02, irq_en | 0x80) self._cflags(0x04, 0x80) self._sflags(0x0A, 0x80) self._wreg(0x01, 0x00) for c in send: self._wreg(0x09, c) self._wreg(0x01, cmd) if cmd == 0x0C: self._sflags(0x0D, 0x80) i = 2000 while True: n = self._rreg(0x04) i -= 1 if ~((i != 0) and ~(n & 0x01) and ~(n & wait_irq)): break self._cflags(0x0D, 0x80) if i: if (self._rreg(0x06) & 0x1B) == 0x00: stat = self.OK if n & irq_en & 0x01: stat = self.NOTAGERR elif cmd == 0x0C: n = self._rreg(0x0A) lbits = self._rreg(0x0C) & 0x07 if lbits != 0: bits = (n - 1) * 8 + lbits else: bits = n * 8 if n == 0: n = 1 elif n > 16: n = 16 for _ in range(n): recv.append(self._rreg(0x09)) else: stat = self.ERR return stat, recv, bits def _crc(self, data): self._cflags(0x05, 0x04) self._sflags(0x0A, 0x80) for c in data: self._wreg(0x09, c) self._wreg(0x01, 0x03) i = 0xFF while True: n = self._rreg(0x05) i -= 1 if not ((i != 0) and not (n & 0x04)): break return [self._rreg(0x22), self._rreg(0x21)] def init(self): self.reset() self._wreg(0x2A, 0x8D) self._wreg(0x2B, 0x3E) self._wreg(0x2D, 30) self._wreg(0x2C, 0) self._wreg(0x15, 0x40) self._wreg(0x11, 0x3D) self.antenna_on() def reset(self): self._wreg(0x01, 0x0F) def antenna_on(self, on=True): if on and ~(self._rreg(0x14) & 0x03): self._sflags(0x14, 0x03) else: self._cflags(0x14, 0x03) def request(self, mode): self._wreg(0x0D, 0x07) (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, [mode]) if (stat != self.OK) | (bits != 0x10): stat = self.ERR return stat, bits def anticoll(self,anticolN): ser_chk = 0 ser = [anticolN, 0x20] self._wreg(0x0D, 0x00) (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, ser) if stat == self.OK: if len(recv) == 5: for i in range(4): ser_chk = ser_chk ^ recv[i] if ser_chk != recv[4]: stat = self.ERR else: stat = self.ERR return stat, recv def PcdSelect(self, serNum,anticolN): backData = [] buf = [] buf.append(anticolN) buf.append(0x70) #i = 0 ###xorsum=0; for i in serNum: buf.append(i) #while i<5: # buf.append(serNum[i]) # i = i + 1 pOut = self._crc(buf) buf.append(pOut[0]) buf.append(pOut[1]) (status, backData, backLen) = self._tocard( 0x0C, buf) if (status == self.OK) and (backLen == 0x18): return 1 else: return 0 def SelectTag(self, uid): byte5 = 0 #(status,puid)= self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) #print("uid",uid,"puid",puid) for i in uid: byte5 = byte5 ^ i puid = uid + [byte5] if self.PcdSelect(puid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) == 0: return (self.ERR,[]) return (self.OK , uid) def tohexstring(self,v): s="[" for i in v: if i != v[0]: s = s+ ", " s=s+ "0x{:02X}".format(i) s= s+ "]" return s def SelectTagSN(self): valid_uid=[] (status,uid)= self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) #print("Select Tag 1:",self.tohexstring(uid)) if status != self.OK: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("anticol(1) {}".format(uid)) if self.PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) == 0: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("pcdSelect(1) {}".format(uid)) #check if first byte is 0x88 if uid[0] == 0x88 : #ok we have another type of card valid_uid.extend(uid[1:4]) (status,uid)=self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL2) #print("Select Tag 2:",self.tohexstring(uid)) if status != self.OK: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("Anticol(2) {}".format(uid)) rtn = self.PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL2) if self.DEBUG: print("pcdSelect(2) return={} uid={}".format(rtn,uid)) if rtn == 0: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("PcdSelect2() {}".format(uid)) #now check again if uid[0] is 0x88 if uid[0] == 0x88 : valid_uid.extend(uid[1:4]) (status , uid) = self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL3) #print("Select Tag 3:",self.tohexstring(uid)) if status != self.OK: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("Anticol(3) {}".format(uid)) if self.MFRC522_PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL3) == 0: return (self.ERR,[]) if self.DEBUG: print("PcdSelect(3) {}".format(uid)) valid_uid.extend(uid[0:5]) # if we are here than the uid is ok # let's remove the last BYTE whic is the XOR sum return (self.OK , valid_uid[:len(valid_uid)-1]) #return (self.OK , valid_uid) def auth(self, mode, addr, sect, ser): return self._tocard(0x0E, [mode, addr] + sect + ser[:4])[0] def authKeys(self,uid,addr,keyA=None, keyB=None): status = self.ERR if keyA is not None: status = self.auth(self.AUTHENT1A, addr, keyA, uid) elif keyB is not None: status = self.auth(self.AUTHENT1B, addr, keyB, uid) return status def stop_crypto1(self): self._cflags(0x08, 0x08) def read(self, addr): data = [0x30, addr] data += self._crc(data) (stat, recv, _) = self._tocard(0x0C, data) return stat, recv def write(self, addr, data): buf = [0xA0, addr] buf += self._crc(buf) (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, buf) if not (stat == self.OK) or not (bits == 4) or not ((recv[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A): stat = self.ERR else: buf = [] for i in range(16): buf.append(data[i]) buf += self._crc(buf) (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, buf) if not (stat == self.OK) or not (bits == 4) or not ((recv[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A): stat = self.ERR return stat def writeSectorBlock(self,uid, sector, block, data, keyA=None, keyB = None): absoluteBlock = sector * 4 + (block % 4) if absoluteBlock > 63 : return self.ERR if len(data) != 16: return self.ERR if self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB) != self.ERR : return self.write(absoluteBlock, data) return self.ERR def readSectorBlock(self,uid ,sector, block, keyA=None, keyB = None): absoluteBlock = sector * 4 + (block % 4) if absoluteBlock > 63 : return self.ERR, None if self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB) != self.ERR : return self.read(absoluteBlock) return self.ERR, None def MFRC522_DumpClassic1K(self,uid, Start=0, End=64, keyA=None, keyB=None): for absoluteBlock in range(Start,End): status = self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB) # Check if authenticated print("{:02d} S{:02d} B{:1d}: ".format(absoluteBlock, absoluteBlock//4 , absoluteBlock % 4),end="") if status == self.OK: status, block = self.read(absoluteBlock) if status == self.ERR: break else: for value in block: print("{:02X} ".format(value),end="") print(" ",end="") for value in block: if (value > 0x20) and (value < 0x7f): print(chr(value),end="") else: print('.',end="") print("") else: break if status == self.ERR: print("Authentication error") return self.ERR return self.OK |
main.py
Open another tab on Thonny IDE and paste the following code into the editor window. Save this file to Raspberry Pi Pico with the name main.py. Now, copy the code given below.
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from mfrc522 import MFRC522 import utime from machine import Pin lock =Pin(28,Pin.OUT) buzzer = Pin(27, Pin.OUT) def uidToString(uid): mystring = "" for i in uid: mystring = "%02X" % i + mystring return mystring rc522 = MFRC522(spi_id=0,sck=6,miso=4,mosi=7,cs=5,rst=3) print("") print("Place the card") print("") while True: (stat, tag_type) = rc522.request(rc522.REQALL) if stat == rc522.OK: (status, raw_uid) = rc522.SelectTagSN() if stat == rc522.OK: rfid_data = "{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}".format(raw_uid[0], raw_uid[1], raw_uid[2], raw_uid[3]) print("Card detected! UID: {}".format(rfid_data)) if rfid_data == "c645224b": lock.value(1) utime.sleep(5) lock.value(0) elif rfid_data == "4247b01e": lock.value(1) utime.sleep(5) lock.value(0) else: buzzer.value(1) utime.sleep(1) buzzer.value(0) |
Conclusion
In ending, the RFID Door Lock with Raspberry Pi Pico Using Micropython is an excellent project for anyone who wants to use RFID technology in their own home. This project is easy to set up and use, and it provides a wonderful way to secure your home.
